REFERENCES
Chapter One

Chapter Two

Chapter Three

Chapter Four Part One

Chapter Four Part Two

References

Sign my guest book


This is a list of the Literature I consulted for this study.


REFERENCES

 Akin Fayintobo

In duestche stiftung fur internationale entwinklung: development and cooperation no 2 march-April 1999 page 17-19

 

        African Business; London; Dec 1997

           African News Portal

[http://www.africaonline.com/site/Articles/1,3,18747.jsp ]

        Amnesty international  Website

[http://news.amnesty.org/MAVP/news.nsf/0/1720B47042B8284E80256BFF0047CBDC?Opendocument]

 American University Website

[http://www.american.edu/initeb/qj8944a/privdereg.htm]

      Ansah, P.A.V.

      (1985a) Broadcasting and National Development. Accra: Ghana Broadcasting Corporation.

     Anderson, B.

(1983) Imagined Communities, Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism London Verso

             Ansu Kyeremeh

(1997) Communication, Education and Development. Exploring an African Cultural Setting Ghana university press

Avery, R.

‘Public Service Broadcasting’ at [http://www. museum.tv/ archives/ etv/P/ htmlP/ publicservicb/ publicserviceb.htm]

Beltran, L.R.

(1978). "Communication and cultural domination: USA-Latin   American case." Media Asia, 5, (4), 183-192,

Berryman, Sue E.

(1994) The role of literacy in the wealth of individuals and nations.
National Centre on Adult Literacy. University of Pennsylvania Press  

Blankson A.

(2001) Commercialisation of Broadcasting: The Concept of “Locally Acquired Foreign Accent”  (LAFA) in Broadcasting in Ghana. Presented at the Intercultural Communication Conference, Miami, Florida, March 1-3, 2001.

 

Briggs A.

      (1961-65)History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom,

      five vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Boyd-Barrett, J.O.

(1977). "Media imperialism: Towards an international framework for an analysis of media systems." In J. Curran, M. Gurevitch and J. Woollacott (eds., Mass communication and society, p. 116-135. London: Edward Arnold.

            Corcoran, F.

‘The Co-habitation of Public and Private Broadcasting’ at [http://www.forumonbroadcasting.ie/docs/20020524143547/Farrel%20Corcoran.doc ]

Copyright Journal of International Affairs Summer 1993

   Downing, J., Mohammadi, A., and Sreberny-Mohammadi, A. (Eds.).     

 (1995). Questioning the media: A critical introduction. London: Sage

           Drake, J.W.

(1993). Territoriality and intangibility: Transborder data flows and national sovereignty. In K. Nordenstreng & H. Schiller (eds.), beyond national sovereignty: International communication in the 1990s. New Jersey: Ablex

Ethnography Research Website

[http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/ethno.htm]

           Featherstone, M.

Assimilation and Absorption strategies in Benyon &Dunkerly (2000) Globalisation: the reader. London, Athlone

http://www.africaonline.com/site/Articles/1,3,48651.jsp

Galtung, J.

(1979). "A structural theory of imperialism." In G. Modelski (ed.), Transnational corporations and world order: Readings in international political economy, p. 155-171. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company.

 

Ghana news portal

[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/]

 

Ghana Broadcasting Corporation Website

            [www.gbc.com.gh]

Ghana National Media Policy 

[http://www.ict.gov.gh/pdf/NMC-MEDIA-POLICY.pdf]

Gunder Frank

 (1969) as cited in Thussu (2000) International Communication, Arnold; London

     

      Hall, S.

(1977) Culture, the media and ideological effect in “mass communication and society” Ed J. Curran, M. Gurevitch, J. Woollacott pp 315-48 London Edward Arnold

http://www.si.umich.edu/Classes/607/MT_Projects/mt_papers/tonya_berenson_mt_paper.htm  [Accessed 23rd Nov, 2002]

Hamelink, C.J.

(1983) Cultural Autonomy in Global Communications: Planning National Information Policy New York, Longman

Hannerz, U.

(2000) the periphery in creolization in Benyon J and Dunkerly D (eds.) Globalisation: the reader London, athlone

       Hoskins, C. et al

 (1997). Global Television and Film – An Introduction to the Economics of the     Business.  Oxford: Clarendon Press

   Joy FM Website

[http://www.myjoyonline.com/frontarts.asp?p=3&a=3552]

       Karikari. K(Ed)

(1995) Independent Broadcasting in Ghana :Implications and Challenges and Prospects for Private Broadcasting in Ghana.

 

        Kikuvuru U.

 ( 1993) Peripheral mass communication: Rich in contradictions in Nordenstreng .K and Schiller H (eds.) beyond national sovereignty: international communication in the 1990s p161

Koomson B.A (eds)

          (1995). Prospects for Private Broadcasting in Ghana. University of Ghana, Accra: Gold-Type Limited.

 Lerner, D

The passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East, Free Press Collier - Macmillan Canada

 Mattleart ,  A.

(1994). Mapping world communication. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.

     

       McLuhan, M.

Understanding media: The extensions of man. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964Mudimbe, V.Y.

       McPhail, T.L.

(1987). Electronic colonialism: The future of international broadcasting and communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Meers, P.

(1998). "Latin American telenovela: Between media imperialism and cultural pluralism." Communicatie, 27, 2-24.

 

Mendel, T.

(1998). ‘Public Service Broadcasting: Enabling broadcasters to play their role effectively’ at[ http://fxi.org.za/Medialaw/public.htm]

 Mudimbe , D.

 (1998) The Invention of Africa Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge Indiana University Press

Mytton , G .

(1983) Mass Communication in Africa, London, Edward Arnold p 6

Oliveira, O.S

(1993). "Brazilian soaps outshine Hollywood: Is cultural imperialism fading out?" In K. Nordenstreng and H. Schiller (eds.), beyond national sovereignty: International communication in the 1990s, p. 116-131. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation

 

Pieterse J, N

(2001) Development Theory: Deconstructions/Reconstructions London, Sage

Rhodes University Media Studies Website [http://journ.ru.ac.za/amd/ghana.htm]

 

 

 

Rodrik D.

(2000)"Governing the World Economy: Does One Architectural Style Fit All?" Brookings Trade Forum: 1999, eds., Susan Collins and Robert Lawrence, Washington, DC, Brookings Institution

(1999)Making Openness Work, ODC Policy Essay No. 24

 

Schiller, H. J.

(1976) Communication and Cultural Domination. White Plains, NY: International Arts and Sciences Press.

Schramm W.

(1957) Responsibility in Mass Communication. New York: Harper & Brothers.

Servaes, J

1999 Communication for development- One World, Multiple Cultures, NJ Hampton Press

Spitulnik, D.

(1993) Mass media and anthropology; Annual review of anthropology

Straubhaar, J, D

(2000) Culture Capital, Language and cultural proximity in the globalisation of television

The Windhoek Declaration

May 1991 http://www.misanet.org/charters/windhoek.html

2003 Annual report of Reporteurs sans frontiers    [http://www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=329

TV3 Website

http://www.tv3.com.gh/depts.htm

Windhoek Seminar Website [http://www.misa.org/windhoekseminar/western3.htm

Pye, L.

(1963) Communications and Political Development, Princeton: Princeton University Press

(1991) China: An Introduction, Harlow Pearson

 Ghana Statistical Overview

[http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/Databanks/Dossiers/sghana.htm

The URTNA website http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Audio_Visual/Union_19589.html

Yankah, K

(1998) Free Speech in Traditional Society. The Cultural Foundations of Communication in Contemporary Ghana, Ghana University Press

 

 

 

 

                                                        

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

APPENDICES

INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, LEEDS U.K

 BROADCASTING DISSERTATION

 

QUESTIONNAIRE

 

Group A

  1. What type of station is this?
  2. What gives you the bulk of your revenue?
  3. Is it very lucrative; the broadcasting business?
  4. Where are your programmes made?
  5. What percentage of your programmes are rebroadcasts?
  6. Any particular reason?
  7. Which is more expensive to acquire, local or foreign programmes?
  8. Any sponsorship?
  9. Do advertisements and sponsors influence your programmes?
  10. Any social functions?
  11. How big is your organisation?
  12. How big is your News department?
  13. Is News an important part of your broadcast output?
  14. Do you see News as a compulsory part of a broadcasting schedule?
  15. Is there any government intervention in your News output?
  16. How reliant are you on government press releases?
  17. How much of your output is original, investigated and ascertained by your own reporters?
  18. In what language is the bulk of your News broadcast?
  19. Any particular reason?
  20. Have you identified your audience?
  21. Would you say this station is subject to government control?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, LEEDS U.K

NEWS BROADCASTING DISSERTATION

 

QUESTIONNAIRE

Group B

  1. What will you say is your audience?
  2. What is your target audience?
  3. In planning programmes, do you take your audience into consideration?
  4. Do you have any means of getting feedback?
  5. Is language a factor?
  6. What decisions inform your choice of language?
  7. How much of your programming is National/International?
  8. Any particular reasons for this?
  9. What are your thoughts on local programmes?
  10. Why has the length of News bulletins changed?
  11. In you time here, would you say the station has undergone a noticeable change?
  12. How do you see the future?
  13. Do you use independent local productions?
  14. What percentage of your News comes from local sources/international sources?
  15.  Would you say investigative reporting is a big part of your news setup?
  16. What percentage of your news comes from government releases?
  17. What constraints do you face in news production?
  18. To what extents are finances an issue in your coverage and reportage of News?
  19. How motivated would you say you are as a department?
  20. What essential training must one have to be a part of this department?
  21. Where is most of your staff trained?
  22. Does your department have a model?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, LEEDS U.K

NEWS BROADCASTING DISSERTATION

 

QUESTIONNAIRE

Group C

  1. Where were you trained?
  2. Would you say the same is true of other producers?
  3. What percentage of your output is in-house?
  4. Are there any programmes you believe to be popular?
  5. Do you know why?
  6. Do you perform any social functions with your broadcasts? Are bulletins produced with this in mind?
  7. Do you face financial constraints in news productions?
  8. Are some programmes are subsidised so others will receive enough financially?
  9. Who regulates content?
  10. Is this a problem?
  11. How much of your news content comes from governmental releases?
  12. Would you say you are given free rein in News production?
  13. How will you rate proper allocation of resource and efficiency in the News department?
  14. Has the department changed much since you started work here?
  15. How would you like to see the department organised?
  16. What do you think about the amount of foreign content in News bulletins?
  17. Why has the length of News bulletins changed?
  18. Do you have all the equipment you believe you need?
  19.  Would you say this station is subject to government control?
  20. Who are your major News sources?
  21. Do you have a choice?
  22. Is there any mechanism for verifying news that you receive?
  23. It is believed that in broadcasting news, stations generally reflect ideological leanings; would you say that is true of your station?
  24. How do you prioritise your news?
  25. Would say changes in global news broadcasting put pressure on your station to change as well?
  26. How much of your news content is political?
  27. How do you explain this?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, LEEDS U.K

NEWS BROADCASTING DISSERTATION

 

QUESTIONNAIRE

Group D

1.      What is your role as regulators?

2.      Are you a member of an international organisation, is your charter international?

3.      Do you believe your regulations to be nation al centric?

4.      What is the means of enforcing these regulations?

5.      Would you say compliance is at an appreciable level?

 

 

 

 


 

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